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Alabama's Unified Judicial System Celebrates 50 Years: Timeline

Chronology of Alabama Judicial Reform

1819--- Constitution of Alabama, Judicial Article: Created Circuit Courts and inferior courts; 5 circuits created; circuit judges served as Supreme Court of Alabama; judges selected by legislature for term of good behavior

1821--- 6th circuit created

1828--- 7th circuit created

1830--- Constitution amended to establish 6 year terms for circuit judges

1832--- Separate Supreme Court of Alabama created; 3 justices elected by Legislature for 6 year terms

1833--- 8th circuit created

1836--- 9th circuit created

1840--- 10th circuit created

1850--- Popular election of judges

1851--- Supreme Court 6 justices

1854--- Supreme Court 3 justices

1867--- Popular election of appellate justices; Chief Justice elected by popular vote for the 1st time

1889--- Supreme Court 4 justices

1891--- Supreme Court 5 justices

1904--- Supreme Court 7 justices

1911--- Court of Appeals created with 3 members

1912--- Governor O'Neal created a commission to study judicial reform

1915--- Governor O'Neal calls for judicial reform; Legislature created Special Commission on the Judiciary; conferred on the Chief Justice administrative supervisory powers (Not implemented until 1971 in the Heflin creation of Department of Court Management); consolidation act reduced number of limited jurisdiction courts (Number increased over next 50 years)

1935--- Supreme Court obtained legislative authority to adopt procedures for use in equity

1953--- Law clerks provided

1955--- Legislature established a Judicial Advisory Council and Judicial Reform Commission; commission funded in 1956; work of the Commission not used until 1971; 1971 reform based on 1956 work

1959--- Act 59-92 authorized the Chief Justice to assign judges to assist in clearing of civil and criminal dockets

1961--- Judicial Conference (Act 61-74) 

1965--- Howell Heflin elected President of Alabama State Bar

1966--- Citizens' Conference of Alabama State Courts

1967--- Legislature established Constitutional Revision Commission to recommend procedures for revising the 1901 Constitution

1969--- Legislature created separate Criminal and Civil Appeals courts with 3 members each (Act 69-987)

1970--- Howell Heflin elected Chief Justice

1971--- Supreme Court provided power to promulgate rules of civil trial and appellate procedure; created Department of Court Management; Legislature created Judicial Study Commission (Act 71-2337)

1971--- Constitutional amendments abolished impeachment process for judges and established Judicial Commission (Amendment 317) for discipline; abolished justice of the peace courts (Amendment 323)

1971--- Legislature created permanent study commission on Alabama Judicial System (Act 71-2337)

1971-- Criminal Appeals Court expanded to 5 judges

1971--- Alabama Law Institute

1973--- Supreme Court adopted new rules of civil procedures

1973--- Second Citizens' Conference on State Courts

1973--- Legislature passed Judicial Article VI

1973--- Judicial Article ratified; Amendment 328; created Judicial Inquiry Commission and Court of the Judiciary; consolidated courts of limited jurisdiction; ratified by 62% vote with 6.7% voter turnout

1974--- Chief Justice Heflin appointed a 55 member Judicial Article Implementation Commission

1975--- Legislature passed Judicial Article Implementation Act; Act No. 1205; created Administrative Office of Courts (AOC) 

1976--- C.C. "Bo" Torbert elected Chief Justice

1977--- Department of Court Management and AOC consolidated into AOC; implemented unified court structure for District courts; juvenile jurisdiction transferred from Probate Court

1977--- Personnel crisis; Legislative Sunset Committee recommended termination of Department of Court Management (AOC)

1977--- Budget Crisis; judiciary appropriations limited to judicial system revenues; rescinded by Act No. 23, Special Session

1978--- Supreme Court created Judicial College

1980--- New Criminal Code adopted

1980--- Implementation of Judicial Article